Modern visual recovery operation is a high and safe procedure that allows us to eliminate almost any eye problems.They have been successfully used for decades, so the methods are constantly evolving, growing and more effective.Improving visual function is achieved by using the cornea, lens, lens, retina and other elements of the eye optic system.Properly selected technology allows not only to fully restore vision, but also to reduce the risk of complications.From this article, you will learn ophthalmic operations, indicators for use and risk possible.
Type
Thanks to the development of medical hardware methods, visual and minimally invasive procedures are reliable and minimally invasive.Their period does not exceed a few hours, and in the future there is no need for complex recovery steps.The choice of surgical treatment method is selected depending on the disease, age and general condition of the patient's visual device.
Laser correction
The most popular type of operation to correct visual acuity.Today, this is a high technology method that has high efficiency and minimal risk of complications.Allow you to overcome myopia, farsightedness and astigmatism.After the procedure, visual acuity is maintained for a long time, and if you follow all the eye specialist instructions, you can avoid repeated intervention.There are several types of laser correction:
- Lake.Types of basic operations to restore visual acuity.First, the cornea surface layer is separated by the microcarata, and then, using laser rays, changes in their form are carried out.The main drawback of this type of correction is the inability to take into account the individual characteristics of the patient's eye anatomy;
- Super Lasik.Advanced version of traditional LASIK methodology.Allows you to achieve better results, as it takes into account the structure of the patient's visual system.Used in most modern clinics in the world;
- Femto Lasik.One type of operation is the same, one of the differences is that the corneal cuts are carried out not by microcasses, but by special femo lasers.There is a better version where the operation course depends on the individual characteristics of the patient - Super Femto Lasik;
- Epi-Lake.The mechanism of the procedure is the same as the traditional LASIK method, but such surgery is prescribed only to patients with the corrosive (obtained or congenital) cornea;
- PRK (FRK).Keratectomy of photo refinement has been conducted since 1985. Today it is used in the presence of contraindications to regular correction methods, for example, with fine cornea, serious ophthalmic disease.The healing process is always painful, the recovery period lasts longer than any other method.
Visual correction operation lasts no more than 15 minutes.After the procedure, wearing a protective clothing for several hours, as well as a drop of 1-2 months, it is necessary.The risk of complications is minimal, recurrent treatment is required with a significant decrease in vision.
Vitrectomy
This is a procedure for complete or partial removal of the vitreous eyeball.It is carried out under general or local anesthesia, without complications, it passes within 2-3 hours.First, a small cause is made in the socket, where subsequent manipulation is performed.As a rule, these are Cauterization by laser area affected by the retina, overseas spread, or recovery of the integrity of the fabric.This procedure is prescribed for the following problems:
- recovery of visual function after bleeding in the eye tissue;
- Prevention of age -related retinal detachment;
- Severe treatment of the eye retinopathy in which gross scars or neovascularization (blood vessel proliferation) occur.
Artificial polymers, gas bubbles, silicone oils or balanced salt solutions are used as a substitute for vitreous body.The last type is used more frequently, as in the future, repeated operations are not required - the salt solution is then replaced by intraocular fluid.
After surgery, side effects may be in the form of a cornea swelling, increasing intraocular pressure, or more vision.Recovery and predictions depend on the area of the lesion, as well as the type of prosthesis when replacing the vitreous body.If there is an irreversible change in the optic nerve, then the correction of vision is almost impossible.
Scleroplasty
The usual ophthalmic procedure is intended to strengthen the exterior shell (sclera).It is prescribed to not correct visual function, but to stabilize the level of myopia in patients from the risk group.It is recommended to be carried out by adolescents suffering from this problem, as in this age the form of the eye is actively changing.
During operation, the amount of flap needed to strengthen the sclera was introduced behind the back wall of the eyeball.Polymers or biological components are commonly used.Subsequently, the spike occurs with the outer shell of the eye, and after a few months the blood vessels needed to keep the visual function develop into the flap.There are simple versions of scleroplasty.It is the introduction of artificial or biological materials for eyeballs.The mechanism of action in such technologies is the same - preventing the growth of the eyeball.
Scleroplasty
This is a good operation that has been practically unchanged for years.It is conducted in most clinics.There are no side effects, except for possible allergies to the drug.The second operation is usually required.
Replace the lens
Required operations, prescribed during curved or any other degenerative process in the lens, for example, cataracts.The treatment is always forced, but implants are individually selected, depending on age, gender and severity of pathological changes in the eye.Crystalus replacement is set in the following cases:
- the degree of myopia high and far away;
- significant decrease in refraction;
- Regenerative processes in the eyes, age -related decreases in vision;
- laser vision recovery;
- cataracts;
- The probability of developing glaucoma against the background of systemic or ophthalmic disease.
This procedure always occurs under local anesthesia.During surgery, the surgeon made a small slice with a laser, after which the patient's lens melted with special tools and removed it from the eyes.Subsequently, the transfer provided was installed.The intervention lasts no more than 25 minutes, the stitching and recovery in the hospital is not required.
This operation is carried out in most private and state clinics.There are usually no complications after manipulation, but subsequent laser vision correction is often prescribed.In rare cases, re -enhancement of the lens is required.
Keratoplasty (corneal replacement)
One of the most modern and complex ophthalmic operations, which is associated with many risks and requires high qualifications of the surgeon.It is required to restore the integrity of the anatomy and the physiological function of the cornea.It is prescribed for the treatment of congenital or acquired defects obtained as a result of injury or disease.Healthy fabrics for transplantation are only taken in donors, but the development of artificial replacement is done in many countries.Keratoplasty is recommended to solve the following problems:
- Treatment of corneal disease (belko, tone disorders);
- mechanical or chemical damage;
- Congenital defects.
The operation was carried out for no more than 30 minutes.During the procedure, the surgeon with a laser or a special knife removes some of the patient's cornea, and the donor fabric implant in its place.Stitches can last up to a year, after which a special lens is selected to reduce the risk of infection.The recovery period is from 4 weeks, where antibiotics are needed, but the examination is required for the whole year.
In recent years, it is possible to reduce the risk of rejection of the donor due to the use of special composition during its processing and preservation.
Freezing laser retina
Retinal tissue recovery method.The effectiveness of this method is more than 70%, and it's 24 hours after its implementation, you can return to the normal lifestyle.Observation by an eye specialist is required within a year after the procedure.
Today, surgery is performed using a laser, which allows you to do without losing blood.Anesthesia is carried out below the local, the procedure time takes no more than 20 minutes.
Before being exposed to lasers, droplets to develop students, and then wear special protective lenses, where exposure occurs at low frequencies.Due to high temperatures, attach damaged cells, as well as small blood vessels.
Freezing procedures are required for any damage and pathology of the retinal, as well as with the eyes and diseases of the vascular system of the organ.After surgery, inflammation and cloud are possible.For several years after the correction, it is impossible to engage in heavy physical labor and active sports.
Crosslinking
An effective method for treating various corneal diseases.It is carried out to strengthen ligaments and other fibers in the cornea tissue, which is required for multi -degree keratoconus or degenerative process, distrophy.
This operation is carried out under local anesthesia.First, a small part of the cornea is cut with a special device, and vitamin B2 is implanted to the open area.The next irradiation allows you to make fabric more than 200%.The first week after surgery, it is necessary to wear a protective touch lens, and for 6 months for a doctor to check.The effect of the procedure continues for 10 years, then repeated operations are required.
Complications are observed in rare cases.Patients can reduce vision, inflammation or cornea approval may occur.
Glaucoma treatment
Optalmological surgery for various degrees of glaucoma is required when drug therapy does not produce the required results.This operation is performed using laser or surgery.
The laser method is considered the most successful.He is true -is not painful for the patient, and has almost no complications.During the procedure, the hole is made with a beam where the fluid is removed from the eye tissue to normalize the pressure.It is used to treat all types of glaucoma.
The type of manual surgery operation is less effective as there is a risk of complications after the procedure.As a rule, this is a non -prominent sclerectomy.The purpose of this method is to reduce intraocular pressure using a slight thinning of the cornea layer.
The effects after both types of operation are reduced over time.On average, after 5-7 years, the second operation is required.This period can be extended by using competent drug treatment.
Conclusion
Today, in most modern ophthalmic clinics, several surgical procedures are performed for vision correction.These are high precise methods that you can solve almost any eye defect.The choice of method depends on several factors - age, disease, individual characteristics of the patient's visual system structure.After surgery, the effects occur immediately, and if all the prescriptions of the doctor are observed, visual acuity can be maintained for a long time.